Starting reinforcements
Starting reinforcementsPrepared by: ABDUL MALIK Sobri
Starting reinforcements is a tradition that has been embedded in our society and culture have become hereditary. Starting reinforcements is a ritual to invoke the protection of any accident or natural disaster. But sometimes in practice there is a stray terkandang with religion, we know that this tradition is a derivative of Hinduism culture. At this time the culture is still starting reinforcements are defended by the people, especially in rural areas because of the tradition is still believed to resist the dangers that come in addition to invoke the protection of the Almighty God and to respect and preserve the culture that had been carried from generation to generation.`As for the reason why these cultural values are still on hold, namely because of the culture that developed in the community would be characteristic for the community itself. This is a national identity that will serve as a unifying forum for the community. This culture is in some tribes in ethnic Malay eg, Java and some other tribes in the implementation in each region berbeda.biasanya each event or ritual as is done in the civic hall or local custom home or in the event of any major event. Usually they go with the crowd rushing to eat or otherwise, or offerings. In essence that means starting reinforcements upacar implementation is to menjujung high cultural values.
A. Indigenous cultural valuesAs a cultured human and Islamic nation's next generation, we harusmelestarikan positive culture in accordance with the cultural wisdom. Such cultures are not to leave us but we must preserve and pasted the values of Islam, as taught in the Sunan Kalijaga.
2. Social valuesBy participating in addition to carrying out this tradition we preserve the national culture, we are also able to socialize with others, particularly with local residents. So thatties between the citizens of one another can be more closely intertwined. That is, this tradition has value as a binder of a society.3. Religious valuesReligious values that terkandungdalam implementation of this tradition is that we can get closer to the creator, sehinnga can be given the assurance that God Almighty has given and can increase our faith and devotion to God and ask his help to escape danger, because any that in kehendakinya bound to happen. As human beings we also have to surrender themselves and put their trust in what God has laid upon us.
B. Factor was the implementation of the ceremony starting reinforcements are:a. Still attached to public confidence in the traditions of our ancestors.b. People's desire to preserve that tradition because in addition to a tradition from generation to generation is also the nation's cultural wealth.c. The values embodied in the tradition of the ceremony, the traditional cultural values, social values and religious values.C. Islam viewIs starting reinforcements tradition is that of religion and tradition can not be equated, but can be combined to see the times today. We can see that the execution of the sentence is a sentence that tradition creed, forgiveness, and blessings on. This indicated that the blend of tradition and religion. because we see our ancestors once more to the pagan gods by praying to the gods in order to avoid disaster. To avoid the envious so it is recommended that the procedures are not in accordance with the religion of Islam in the removed and replaced with Islamic Shari'a. Certainly the view of Islam see that tradition does not violate the rules of the religion of Islam then it may be carried on the tradition of the community.
Starting reinforcements is a tradition that has been embedded in our society and culture have become hereditary. Starting reinforcements is a ritual to invoke the protection of any accident or natural disaster. But sometimes in practice there is a stray terkandang with religion, we know that this tradition is a derivative of Hinduism culture. At this time the culture is still starting reinforcements are defended by the people, especially in rural areas because of the tradition is still believed to resist the dangers that come in addition to invoke the protection of the Almighty God and to respect and preserve the culture that had been carried from generation to generation.`As for the reason why these cultural values are still on hold, namely because of the culture that developed in the community would be characteristic for the community itself. This is a national identity that will serve as a unifying forum for the community. This culture is in some tribes in ethnic Malay eg, Java and some other tribes in the implementation in each region berbeda.biasanya each event or ritual as is done in the civic hall or local custom home or in the event of any major event. Usually they go with the crowd rushing to eat or otherwise, or offerings. In essence that means starting reinforcements upacar implementation is to menjujung high cultural values.
A. Indigenous cultural valuesAs a cultured human and Islamic nation's next generation, we harusmelestarikan positive culture in accordance with the cultural wisdom. Such cultures are not to leave us but we must preserve and pasted the values of Islam, as taught in the Sunan Kalijaga.
2. Social valuesBy participating in addition to carrying out this tradition we preserve the national culture, we are also able to socialize with others, particularly with local residents. So thatties between the citizens of one another can be more closely intertwined. That is, this tradition has value as a binder of a society.3. Religious valuesReligious values that terkandungdalam implementation of this tradition is that we can get closer to the creator, sehinnga can be given the assurance that God Almighty has given and can increase our faith and devotion to God and ask his help to escape danger, because any that in kehendakinya bound to happen. As human beings we also have to surrender themselves and put their trust in what God has laid upon us.
B. Factor was the implementation of the ceremony starting reinforcements are:a. Still attached to public confidence in the traditions of our ancestors.b. People's desire to preserve that tradition because in addition to a tradition from generation to generation is also the nation's cultural wealth.c. The values embodied in the tradition of the ceremony, the traditional cultural values, social values and religious values.C. Islam viewIs starting reinforcements tradition is that of religion and tradition can not be equated, but can be combined to see the times today. We can see that the execution of the sentence is a sentence that tradition creed, forgiveness, and blessings on. This indicated that the blend of tradition and religion. because we see our ancestors once more to the pagan gods by praying to the gods in order to avoid disaster. To avoid the envious so it is recommended that the procedures are not in accordance with the religion of Islam in the removed and replaced with Islamic Shari'a. Certainly the view of Islam see that tradition does not violate the rules of the religion of Islam then it may be carried on the tradition of the community.
INDONESIA ECONOMIC SYSTEM
INDONESIA ECONOMIC SYSTEM
NAME: ABDUL MALIK Sobri
NIM: 11043101885
Our country is a country full of natural resources are infinite both ethnic and cultural diversity. I think it was the base for building an advanced economy that we are no longer a developing country. But we see by naked eyes in our country that is rich will get richer and oppress the weak and poor will increase. Recently we saw on the news a lot of people are oppressed because of government policies, including land disputes caused many casualties, we can conclude our country invaded by the outside economy, in addition to any parties who want to benefit at the expense of public interests . Much more tragic than most of our leaders as well as officers who were not responsible. It raises public distrust coupled with the corruption that has become a culture in our country. How can our economy forward if that happens like this, therefore I think there should be a change of course starting from the leaders as well as the economic driving force in our country.
Of course I am here and we hope our leaders who have a certain character and morality in accordance with the teaching of Islam as well as a healthy economic competition and policy makers, both members of the council and government policy in membut not harm the people and of course improve the economy in our country. This is what can I respond to the economy in Indonesia and I as the next generation (an agent of change) aspires to build the nation's goals to advance. Here I also want to ask the course tutor economic system, how memeneg / manage finances? thank you
NAME: ABDUL MALIK Sobri
NIM: 11043101885
Our country is a country full of natural resources are infinite both ethnic and cultural diversity. I think it was the base for building an advanced economy that we are no longer a developing country. But we see by naked eyes in our country that is rich will get richer and oppress the weak and poor will increase. Recently we saw on the news a lot of people are oppressed because of government policies, including land disputes caused many casualties, we can conclude our country invaded by the outside economy, in addition to any parties who want to benefit at the expense of public interests . Much more tragic than most of our leaders as well as officers who were not responsible. It raises public distrust coupled with the corruption that has become a culture in our country. How can our economy forward if that happens like this, therefore I think there should be a change of course starting from the leaders as well as the economic driving force in our country.
Of course I am here and we hope our leaders who have a certain character and morality in accordance with the teaching of Islam as well as a healthy economic competition and policy makers, both members of the council and government policy in membut not harm the people and of course improve the economy in our country. This is what can I respond to the economy in Indonesia and I as the next generation (an agent of change) aspires to build the nation's goals to advance. Here I also want to ask the course tutor economic system, how memeneg / manage finances? thank you
rhetoric
A. Background
A recently sprung up in many famous dai dai-style rhetoric, but what it is in conformity with the Quran and the teachings of the prophet, and whether the relationship rhetoric in the da'wah in Islamic perspective? Now in the era of modernization ternd many colors, especially in the modern world of propaganda and rhetoric. Rhetoric that is part of the mission itself become a science that we learned was to be styled for the preacher / speaker. Long before the rhetoric of the Qur'an are explained first, rhetoric and propaganda can not be separated from the polite and kind words that are already in the teachings of Islam. And how can we see how the rhetoric and propaganda the same as the philosophy of science, and comprehension of both sides who do have a purpose and an object that has its own differences.
A. In the rhetoric of the Qur'anAl-Quran has described the methods of religious rhetoric or preaching Islam in makkiyah chapters as follows:
ادع إللى سبيل ربك بالحكمة والموعظة الحسنة وجد لهم بالتى هى أحسن"Call upon all people to the path of your Lord with wisdom and good lessons and bantahlah them in a good way." (An-Nahl: 125)The appeal of rhetoric in the Qur'an is addressed to the Prophet and those of people who follow in his footsteps. Because the mission of God, or Allah streets, not just reserved for the Prophet alone, but also tertuntut his people to do the same thing along with him and after him.In context, the Qur'an also called on the Prophet in his word:"Say, this is the way my religion, I and the people who follow me take you to God with real proof" (Yusuf: 108)
Thus the Muslims were sent to all mankind as the existence of the Prophet. Therefore, they take his message and carry his message, as the words of the Prophet to his people:"Surely you all sent to memepermudah, and not sent to complicate"From here we can take the conclusion that the verse in surah An-Nahl, indicates to us the principles on the road (method) is ideal in preaching or rhetoric of the true religion.
B. Principles of Rhetoric / Islamic PropagationAl-Quran has established a means of easy means of propagation of Islam experts in performing the tasks and missions in the way of Allah with a brief and concise. The following is a description of the signs road signs (method) in delivering mission under the guidance of Islam texts - texts are clear and unequivocal, so it becomes important principles in Islamic rhetoric between these principles are:A. Islamic Da'wah is a duty for every Muslim This is a direct command from God to preach, then every individual Muslim tertuntut to do with the form and manner specified.2. Da'wah to Allah Rabbaniah An expert mission should really understand, he called on the path of Allah, to show the man into the street that has digariskannya.3. Invite people to a way of wisdom and a good lesson
The thing to be noticed by a preacher in rhetoric / propagandaa. Talking to someone with a languageTalk and dialogue with other people using the language, so it is easy to understand and communicate the contents of reciprocal conversation smoothly. Allah says which means:"We do not send any Messenger, but with the language of his people, so that he can shed some light to the light to them '(ibrahim:)
b. Being friendlyBe kind and gentle and prepare for those people who will didakwahi before memyampaikan message to them, and cling to the methods of preaching and teaching of the prophet, as he commands, "make it easy and not difficult, give good tidings and do not bother".c. Noting the level of employment and position of ShariaThat must be considered properly in the rhetoric of preaching Islam in the present era is, pay attention and keep the level of work. we are able to compose the message of Islam with a good message, according to the place, time and level, respectively. Then we deliver the commands and prohibitions in accordance with priorities.
d. Gradual movementThis method should be considered in preaching or rhetoric, that invites people to tadarruj (gradual / betahap) or invite the audience gradually.
C. Methods of propaganda / rhetoricA. Mau'izhah hasanah (good lesson) and wisdom
Was invited to speak to the hearts and minds in order to recognize and be moved to act. Because humans have two vital instruments to look carefully to achieve a perfect result, that the mind and heart. Sense to understand and explore, and appreciate, which raised the will and emotional, a sense of love and hate
All human beings are basically two methods of propagation are needed. A more precise way of wisdom and when other more effective ways mau'izhah hasanah. Although lay people more in need mau'izhah hasanah a moving and evocative emotional feeling to do good, while the majority of the intellectuals (the elite) are more likely to sense a way that stimulates their wisdom to accept the truth of the statement - the statement of scientific-logical, in turn, moved to do good and truth. Got a good lesson here is very much
The word mau'izhah accompanied by an adjective, so be mau'izhah hasanah hasanah. Therefore, not just the isampaikan mau'izhah by dai, but have a good and beautiful. And the good that could be obtained in selecting the right objects, the method of interest, time and place suitable or advice that touches one's innermost feelings at heart, so aroused emotional.
Sometimes there are also good at dai attitude toward one's weakness, he did not criticize mistakes or hurt him takkala was guilty. But the excuse for every human being makes mistakes, and then direct it not to happen again in the future errors. Among the characteristic features of the propagation method outlined Al Quran is by way of a good dialogue, and dialogue is basically done when dealing with people who disagreeThere is wording that needs to look carefully at the paragraph that underlie the way to preach / this rhetoric. Among them, menggunakaan soft words, sentence structure that beautiful longer effective, and a polite way of disclosure. Dialogue so that the person who invited her to be soft, and closer to the message.From the above it can be said either in the Quran or the teachings of Islam are found in both the value of rhetoric in preaching and life. besides that it also teaches how to be a missionary rhetoric in preaching by taking into account all aspects and aspects that support the achievement of a message to mad'u or listener.
Following the principles of rhetoric / talk in the study of Islam and science of preaching, speaking of Islamic principles have 6 points:A. Speak good or silent2. Appropriate levels of understanding of the mind speaking listeners3. Speaking of simple and straightforward4. Not talking about things that are useless (in vain)5. Avoid words or terms that are deliberately created negative connotations the enemies of truth6. Speaking the language of hearings
CONCLUSION
The appeal of rhetoric in the Qur'an is addressed to the Prophet and those of people who follow in his footsteps. Because the mission of God, or Allah streets, not just reserved for the Prophet alone, but also tertuntut his people to do the same thing along with him and after him.That must be considered properly in the rhetoric of preaching Islam in the present era is, pay attention and keep the level of work. we are able to compose the message of Islam with a good message, according to the place, time and level, respectively. Then we deliver the commands and prohibitions in accordance with priorities.
A recently sprung up in many famous dai dai-style rhetoric, but what it is in conformity with the Quran and the teachings of the prophet, and whether the relationship rhetoric in the da'wah in Islamic perspective? Now in the era of modernization ternd many colors, especially in the modern world of propaganda and rhetoric. Rhetoric that is part of the mission itself become a science that we learned was to be styled for the preacher / speaker. Long before the rhetoric of the Qur'an are explained first, rhetoric and propaganda can not be separated from the polite and kind words that are already in the teachings of Islam. And how can we see how the rhetoric and propaganda the same as the philosophy of science, and comprehension of both sides who do have a purpose and an object that has its own differences.
A. In the rhetoric of the Qur'anAl-Quran has described the methods of religious rhetoric or preaching Islam in makkiyah chapters as follows:
ادع إللى سبيل ربك بالحكمة والموعظة الحسنة وجد لهم بالتى هى أحسن"Call upon all people to the path of your Lord with wisdom and good lessons and bantahlah them in a good way." (An-Nahl: 125)The appeal of rhetoric in the Qur'an is addressed to the Prophet and those of people who follow in his footsteps. Because the mission of God, or Allah streets, not just reserved for the Prophet alone, but also tertuntut his people to do the same thing along with him and after him.In context, the Qur'an also called on the Prophet in his word:"Say, this is the way my religion, I and the people who follow me take you to God with real proof" (Yusuf: 108)
Thus the Muslims were sent to all mankind as the existence of the Prophet. Therefore, they take his message and carry his message, as the words of the Prophet to his people:"Surely you all sent to memepermudah, and not sent to complicate"From here we can take the conclusion that the verse in surah An-Nahl, indicates to us the principles on the road (method) is ideal in preaching or rhetoric of the true religion.
B. Principles of Rhetoric / Islamic PropagationAl-Quran has established a means of easy means of propagation of Islam experts in performing the tasks and missions in the way of Allah with a brief and concise. The following is a description of the signs road signs (method) in delivering mission under the guidance of Islam texts - texts are clear and unequivocal, so it becomes important principles in Islamic rhetoric between these principles are:A. Islamic Da'wah is a duty for every Muslim This is a direct command from God to preach, then every individual Muslim tertuntut to do with the form and manner specified.2. Da'wah to Allah Rabbaniah An expert mission should really understand, he called on the path of Allah, to show the man into the street that has digariskannya.3. Invite people to a way of wisdom and a good lesson
The thing to be noticed by a preacher in rhetoric / propagandaa. Talking to someone with a languageTalk and dialogue with other people using the language, so it is easy to understand and communicate the contents of reciprocal conversation smoothly. Allah says which means:"We do not send any Messenger, but with the language of his people, so that he can shed some light to the light to them '(ibrahim:)
b. Being friendlyBe kind and gentle and prepare for those people who will didakwahi before memyampaikan message to them, and cling to the methods of preaching and teaching of the prophet, as he commands, "make it easy and not difficult, give good tidings and do not bother".c. Noting the level of employment and position of ShariaThat must be considered properly in the rhetoric of preaching Islam in the present era is, pay attention and keep the level of work. we are able to compose the message of Islam with a good message, according to the place, time and level, respectively. Then we deliver the commands and prohibitions in accordance with priorities.
d. Gradual movementThis method should be considered in preaching or rhetoric, that invites people to tadarruj (gradual / betahap) or invite the audience gradually.
C. Methods of propaganda / rhetoricA. Mau'izhah hasanah (good lesson) and wisdom
Was invited to speak to the hearts and minds in order to recognize and be moved to act. Because humans have two vital instruments to look carefully to achieve a perfect result, that the mind and heart. Sense to understand and explore, and appreciate, which raised the will and emotional, a sense of love and hate
All human beings are basically two methods of propagation are needed. A more precise way of wisdom and when other more effective ways mau'izhah hasanah. Although lay people more in need mau'izhah hasanah a moving and evocative emotional feeling to do good, while the majority of the intellectuals (the elite) are more likely to sense a way that stimulates their wisdom to accept the truth of the statement - the statement of scientific-logical, in turn, moved to do good and truth. Got a good lesson here is very much
The word mau'izhah accompanied by an adjective, so be mau'izhah hasanah hasanah. Therefore, not just the isampaikan mau'izhah by dai, but have a good and beautiful. And the good that could be obtained in selecting the right objects, the method of interest, time and place suitable or advice that touches one's innermost feelings at heart, so aroused emotional.
Sometimes there are also good at dai attitude toward one's weakness, he did not criticize mistakes or hurt him takkala was guilty. But the excuse for every human being makes mistakes, and then direct it not to happen again in the future errors. Among the characteristic features of the propagation method outlined Al Quran is by way of a good dialogue, and dialogue is basically done when dealing with people who disagreeThere is wording that needs to look carefully at the paragraph that underlie the way to preach / this rhetoric. Among them, menggunakaan soft words, sentence structure that beautiful longer effective, and a polite way of disclosure. Dialogue so that the person who invited her to be soft, and closer to the message.From the above it can be said either in the Quran or the teachings of Islam are found in both the value of rhetoric in preaching and life. besides that it also teaches how to be a missionary rhetoric in preaching by taking into account all aspects and aspects that support the achievement of a message to mad'u or listener.
Following the principles of rhetoric / talk in the study of Islam and science of preaching, speaking of Islamic principles have 6 points:A. Speak good or silent2. Appropriate levels of understanding of the mind speaking listeners3. Speaking of simple and straightforward4. Not talking about things that are useless (in vain)5. Avoid words or terms that are deliberately created negative connotations the enemies of truth6. Speaking the language of hearings
CONCLUSION
The appeal of rhetoric in the Qur'an is addressed to the Prophet and those of people who follow in his footsteps. Because the mission of God, or Allah streets, not just reserved for the Prophet alone, but also tertuntut his people to do the same thing along with him and after him.That must be considered properly in the rhetoric of preaching Islam in the present era is, pay attention and keep the level of work. we are able to compose the message of Islam with a good message, according to the place, time and level, respectively. Then we deliver the commands and prohibitions in accordance with priorities.
OPINI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP MEDIA MASSA DI PEKANBARU
TABEL 2
IDENTITAS OPINI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP MEDIA MASSA DI PEKANBARU
| No. |
| Pilihan Jawaban | Responden | Persen( skor x responden / 100 x 100) | ||
| 1. | Jenis Kelamin | a. b. | Laki-Laki Perempuan | 57 43 | 57% 86% | |
| 2. | Berapa Usia saudara sekarang | a. b. c. d. e. | 17 s/d 25 tahun 26 s/d 35 tahun 36 s/d 45 tahun 46 s/d 55 tahun Lebih 55 tahun | 26 41 22 11 - | 26% 82% 66% 44% | |
| 3. | Berapa Penghasilan Saudara Perbulan | a. b. c. d. e. | Lebih 5 juta /bln 4 s/d 5 jt/bln 3 s/d 4 jt/bln 2 s/d 3 jt/bln Kurang 2 jt/bln | 4 6 12 34 44 | 20% 24% 36% 68% 44% | |
| 4. | Berapa kali saudara membaca atau mendengar berita secara langsung | a. b. c. d. e. | Lebih 6 kali/Minggu 5 s/d 6 kali/Minggu 4 s/d 5 kali/Minggu 3 s/d 4 kali/Minggu Kurang 2 kali/Minggu | 20 18 16 26 20 | 100% 72% 48% 52% 20% | |
| 5. | Teori Hypodermic | a. b. c. d. e. | Sangat yakin kebenarannya Cukup yakin kebenarannya Yakin kebenarannya Kurang yakin kebenarannya Sangat tidak yakin kebenarannya | 6 32 36 26 - | 30% 128% 108% 52% | |
| Bagaimana keyakinan saudara terhadap informasi yang disampaikan media massa lokal mengenai daerah Pekanbaru | ||||||
| 6. | Bagaimana keyakinan saudara terhadap informasi yang disampaikan media massa nasional mengenai daerah Pekanbaru | a. b. c. d. e. | Sangat yakin kebenarannya Cukup yakin kebenarannya Yakin kebenarannya Kurang yakin kebenarannya Sangat tidak yakin kebenarannya | 2 34 44 20 - | 10% 136% 132% 40% | |
| 7. | Bagaimana pengaruh berita negatif di media terhadap perasaan saudara sehari-hari | a. b. c. d. e. | Sangat berpengaruh Cukup berpengaruh Biasa-biasa saja Kurang berpengaruh Sangat tidak berpengaruh | 8 24 48 16 4 | 40% 96% 144% 32% 4% | |
| 8. | Bagaimana pengaruh berita negatif di media terhadap perilaku saudara sehari-hari | a. b. c. d. e. | Sangat berpengaruh Cukup berpengaruh Biasa-biasa saja Kurang berpengaruh Sangat tidak berpengaruh | 2 24 52 14 8 | 10% 96% 156% 28% 8% | |
| 9. | Agenda Setting Teory | a. b. c. d. e. | Sangat hangat Cukup hangat Biasa-biasa saja Kurang hangat Sangat tidak hangat | 20 32 30 16 2 | 100% 128% 90% 32% 2% | |
| Apakah menurut anda berita di media mengenai Pilkada ulang Pekanbaru termasuk berita hangat dimasyarakat Pekanbaru | ||||||
| 10. | Apapun berita tentang pasangan calon di media massa, saya tidak akan berubah pada pilihan saya sebelumnya | a. b. c. d. e. | Sangat setuju Cukup setuju Setuju Kurang setuju Sangat tidak setuju | 10 34 32 18 6 | 50% 136% 96% 36% 6% | |
| 11. | Berapa tingkat kepuasan anda, dengan pemberitaan di media mengenai Pilkada Pekanbaru selama ini | a. b. c. d. e. | Sangat puas Cukup puas Puas Kurang puas Sangat tidak puas | 2 20 44 32 2 | 10% 80% 132% 64% 2% | |
| 12. | Alasan utama saya membaca media tergantung kepada headline media yang bersangkutan | a. b. c. d. e. | Sangat dipengaruhi Cukup dipengaruhi Biasa-biasa saja Kurang dipengaruhi Sangat tidak dipengaruhi | 10 24 24 32 10 | 50% 96% 72% 64% 10% | |
| 13. | Uses and Gratification Teory | a. b. c. d. e. | Sangat setuju Cukup setuju setuju Kurang setuju Sangat tidak setuju | 16 24 36 22 2 | 80% 96% 108% 44% 2% | |
| Saya akan mengganti suatu topik media, apabila tidak sesuai dengan keinginan saya sendiri | ||||||
| 14. | Saya merasa puas dengan pilihan saya sendiri dalam memilih media massa | a. b. c. d. e. | Sangat setuju Cukup setuju setuju Kurang setuju Sangat tidak setuju | 16 26 42 10 6 | 80% 104% 126% 20% 6% | |
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